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Cross-layer functions are the norm, in practice, because the availability of a communication service is determined by the interaction between network design and network management protocols. Specific examples of cross-layer functions include the following: Security service (telecommunication) [34] as defined by ITU-T X.800 recommendation.
Network planning and design is an iterative process, encompassing topological design, network-synthesis, and network-realization, and is aimed at ensuring that a new telecommunications network or service meets the needs of the subscriber and operator. [1] The process can be tailored according to each new network or service. [2]
The Hierarchical internetworking model is a three-layer model for network design first proposed by Cisco in 1998. [1] The hierarchical design model divides enterprise networks into three layers: core, distribution, and access.
Early versions of this networking model were known as the Department of Defense (DoD) model because the research and development were funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA. The Internet protocol suite provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed , and ...
The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) defines and codifies the concept of layered network architecture. Abstraction layers are used to subdivide a communications system further into smaller manageable parts. A layer is a collection of similar functions that provide services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer ...
An ATM network interface in the form of an accessory card. A lot of network interfaces are built-in. A network interface controller (NIC) is computer hardware that connects the computer to the network media and has the ability to process low-level network information. For example, the NIC may have a connector for plugging in a cable, or an ...
The physical layer consists of the electronic circuit transmission technologies of a network. [3] It is a fundamental layer underlying the higher level functions in a network, and can be implemented through a great number of different hardware technologies with widely varying characteristics. [4]
In network science, the Configuration Model is a family of random graph models designed to generate networks from a given degree sequence. Unlike simpler models such as the Erdős–Rényi model, Configuration Models preserve the degree of each vertex as a pre-defined property. This flexibility allows the modeler to construct networks with ...