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Duct ectasia of the breast, mammary duct ectasia or plasma cell mastitis is a condition that occurs when a milk duct beneath the nipple widens, the duct walls thicken, and the duct fills with fluid. This is the most common cause of greenish discharge. [1] Mammary duct ectasia can mimic breast cancer. It is a disorder of peri- or post-menopausal ...
With galactography, a larger part of the ductal system can be visualized than with the endoscopic investigation of a duct (called galactoscopy or ductoscopy). Causes for nipple discharge include duct ectasia, intraductal papilloma, and occasionally ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma. [1]
Nonpuerperal breast abscesses have a higher rate of recurrence compared to puerperal breast abscesses. [6] There is a high statistical correlation of nonpuerperal breast abscess with diabetes mellitus (DM). On this basis, it has recently been suggested that diabetes screening should be performed on patients with such abscesses. [7] [8]
Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, accounting for 25% of all cases. [5] It is most common in women over age 50. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. [ 6 ]
Lactiferous ducts are ducts that converge and form a branched system connecting the nipple to the lobules of the mammary gland. When lactogenesis occurs, under the influence of hormones, the milk is moved to the nipple by the action of smooth muscle contractions along the ductal system to the tip of the nipple.
Some degree of cyclical breast tenderness is normal in the menstrual cycle, and is usually associated with menstruation and/or premenstrual syndrome (PMS). [5] Cyclic breast pain is often associated with fibrocystic breast changes or duct ectasia and thought to be caused by changes of prolactin response to thyrotropin. [6] [7]
Duct ectasia may be treated with surgical removal of the ducts involved. [2] Infectious causes may require antibiotics or incision and drainage. [2] Nipple discharge is the third most common breast complaint by women, after breast pain and a breast lump. [4] About 3% of breast cancer cases are associated with discharge. [4] [9]
Micrograph of breast tissue with ductal carcinoma. ... Ductal carcinoma is a type of tumor that primarily presents in the ducts of a gland. [1] Types include: Mammary