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The source reliability is rated between A (history of complete reliability) to E (history of invalid information), with F for source without sufficient history to establish reliability level. The information content is rated between 1 (confirmed) to 5 (improbable), with 6 for information whose reliability can not be evaluated.
D - Not usually reliable: Significant doubt about authenticity, trustworthiness, or competency but has provided valid information in the past E - Unreliable: Lacking in authenticity, trustworthiness, and competency; history of invalid information F - Reliability cannot be judged: No basis exists for evaluating the reliability of the source
The distributions of a wide variety of physical, biological, and human-made phenomena approximately follow a power law over a wide range of magnitudes: these include the sizes of craters on the moon and of solar flares, [2] cloud sizes, [3] the foraging pattern of various species, [4] the sizes of activity patterns of neuronal populations, [5] the frequencies of words in most languages ...
Reliable scholarship – Material such as an article, book, monograph, or research paper that has been vetted by the scholarly community is regarded as reliable, where the material has been published in reputable peer-reviewed sources or by well-regarded academic presses.
[g] Exercise caution when using such sources: if the information in question is suitable for inclusion, someone else will probably have published it in independent, reliable sources. [1] Never use self-published sources as third-party sources about living people, even if the author is an expert, well-known professional researcher, or writer.
A law article by a US Supreme Court Justice is probably a reliable source. (Pictured is US Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart in 1976.) Information about the law should be based on reliable, third-party published secondary sources. Law sources such as books about laws and articles about laws in magazines and academic journals may be reliable ...
Finding similar conclusions from multiple independent methods is also evidence for the reliability of the methods themselves, because consilience eliminates the possibility of all potential errors that do not affect all the methods equally. This is also used for the validation of new techniques through comparison with the consilient ones.
Critics of the power law also point out that the validity of the law is contingent on the measurement of perceived stimulus intensity that is employed in the relevant experiments. ( Luce 2002 ), under the condition that respondents' numerical distortion function and the psychophysical functions could be separated, formulated a behavioral ...