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The next oldest Satavahana-era inscription appears on a sculpted gateway element of Stupa 1 at Sanchi. It states that the element was donated by Ananda, who was the son of Siri Satakarni's foreman of artisans. This inscription is probably from the reign of Satakarni II. [33]
List of Satavahana dynasty rulers Serial. Nu Ruler Reign 1 Simuka: before 100 BCE 2 Kanha: c. 100–70 BCE 3 Satakarni I: c. 70–60 BCE 4 Satakarni II: c. 50–25 BCE Kshatrapa interregnum rule with vassal Satavahana kings: 5 Hāla (vassal under Kshatrapas) c. 20–24 CE 6 Nahapana (Kshatrapas King) c. 54–100 CE Restored Satavahana dynasty: 7
The inscription states that the cave was excavated by maha-matra (officer-in-charge) of the shramanas (non-Vedic ascetics) during Kanha's reign. Based on this, Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya concludes that Kanha favoured Buddhism , and had an administrative department dedicated to the welfare of Buddhist monks.
These inscriptions have been dated between the 2nd and the 1st century BCE, and attributed to the Satavahana dynasty era. [4] [5] [6] The inscriptions are notable for linking the Vedic and Hinduism deities, mentioning some Vedic srauta rituals and of names that provide historical information about the ancient Satavahanas.
The information available about Gautamiputra Satakarni comes from his coins, the Satavahana inscriptions, and the royal genealogies in the various Puranas. The best known of these is the Nashik prashasti ( eulogy ) inscription of his mother Gautami Balashri, which credits him with extensive military conquests.
One long inscription (inscription No.2) in the 19th year of Satavahana king Sri Pulumavi (2nd century CE), explaining that Queen Gotami Balasiri, mother of glorious king Gotamiputra, caused this cave to be built and gave it to the Samgha. [15]
Between the 2nd century BCE and 2nd century CE under Satavahanas, several Buddhist caves propped up along the coastal areas of Maharashtra and these cave temples were decorated with Satavahana era sculptures and hence not only some of the earliest art depictions, but evidence of ancient Indian architecture.
Satakarni (also called Sātakarnī I, Brahmi script: 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀓𑀡𑀺, Sātakaṇi) was the third of the Satavahana kings, who ruled the Deccan region of India. His reign is generally dated to 70-60 BCE, [3] although some authors have claimed 187-177 BCE, [4] and most recently dated to 88-42 BCE. [5]