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Cardiac tamponade, also known as pericardial tamponade (/ ˌ t æ m. p ə ˈ n eɪ d / [4]), is a compression of the heart due to pericardial effusion (the build-up of pericardial fluid in the sac around the heart). [2] Onset may be rapid or gradual. [2]
Cardiac tamponade Relieve pressure within the pericardium: Initial treatment may require pericardiocentesis. This procedure may be sufficient to resolve the tamponade, or further management may be required. Patient with cardiac tamponade following penetrating trauma may be good candidates for thoracotomy: Hypoxia Increase oxygen content of the ...
8 Atrial fibrillation management. 9 Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade) 10 Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers. 11 CHF Treatment. 12 CHF: causes of exacerbation.
In cardiac tamponade, blood or other fluids building up in the pericardium can put pressure on the heart so that it is not able to beat. This condition can be recognized by the presence of a narrowing pulse pressure , muffled heart sounds , distended neck veins, electrical alternans on the electrocardiogram , or by visualization on echocardiogram .
The procedure allows immediate direct access to the thoracic cavity, permitting rescuers to control hemorrhage, relieve cardiac tamponade, repair or control major injuries to the heart, lungs or thoracic vasculature, and perform direct cardiac massage or defibrillation. The procedure is rarely performed and is a procedure of last resort.
It is clinically similar to a pericardial effusion, and, depending on the volume and rapidity with which it develops, may cause cardiac tamponade. [1] The condition can be caused by full-thickness necrosis (death) of the myocardium (heart muscle) after myocardial infarction, chest trauma, [2] and by over-prescription of anticoagulants.
A pericardial effusion with enough pressure to adversely affect heart function is called cardiac tamponade. [1] Pericardial effusions can cause cardiac tamponade in acute settings with fluid as little as 150mL. In chronic settings, however, fluid can accumulate anywhere up to 2L before an effusion causes cardiac tamponade.
For example, tamponade prevents normal cardiac filling due to pressure compressing the heart. In this case, giving fluids can improve right heart filling. [19] [26] However, in other causes of obstructive shock, too much fluid can worsen cardiac output. Thus, fluid therapy should be monitored closely.
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