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It’s an autoimmune condition that prompts the body’s immune system to attack the thyroid gland, leading to the excess production of thyroid hormone, according to Mayo Clinic.
Certain medications can have the unintended side effect of affecting thyroid function. While some medications can lead to significant hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and those at risk will need to be carefully monitored, some medications may affect thyroid hormone lab tests without causing any symptoms or clinical changes, and may not require treatment.
It can alter cardiac function, with increased heart rate, increased left ventricular mass index, increased cardiac contractility, diastolic dysfunction, and induction of ectopic atrial beats. Long-term mild excess of thyroid hormone can thus cause impaired cardiac reserve and exercise capacity. [4]
There may be symptoms of thyroid overactivity, such as weight loss, a fast or irregular heart rate, tremor, and perspiration; [1] [2] but such symptoms occur in only half of all cases. [5] The most common type of hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease , may additionally cause eye problems ( Graves' ophthalmopathy ) and skin changes of the legs ...
Hypothyroidism (also called underactive thyroid, low thyroid or hypothyreosis) is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. [3] It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold, extreme fatigue, muscle aches, constipation, slow heart rate, depression, and ...
Beta-blockers are used to alleviate the symptoms associated with TM. But beta-blockers do not reduce the damage done by excess thyroxine. Medications such as propylthiouracil and methimazole are administered to block the release of thyroxine from the thyroid and to block the damage thyroxine inflicts on muscle fiber tissue. [citation needed]
Thyroid hormone requirements increase during and last throughout pregnancy. [14] As such, pregnant women are recommended to increase to nine doses of levothyroxine each week, rather than the usual seven, as soon as their pregnancy is confirmed. [14] Repeat thyroid function tests should be done five weeks after the dosage is increased. [14]
They are hypothesized to develop as a result of thyroid damage, where T-lymphocytes are sensitized to residual thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin, rather than as the initial cause of thyroid damage. [5] However, they may exacerbate further thyroid destruction by binding the complement system and triggering apoptosis of thyroid cells. [5]