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Aztreonam, sold under the brand name Azactam among others, is an antibiotic used primarily to treat infections caused by gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This may include bone infections , endometritis , intra abdominal infections , pneumonia , urinary tract infections , and sepsis . [ 2 ]
Common side effect include nausea, fever, liver problems, headache, trouble sleeping, and pain at the site of infusion. [4] Severe side effects may include anaphylaxis, seizures, and Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea. [4] While use appears to be safe in pregnancy the medication has not been well studied in this group. [6]
Ceftazidime, sold under the brand name Fortaz among others, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [1] [5] Specifically it is used for joint infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infections, malignant otitis externa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and vibrio infection. [1]
Adverse effects to monobactams can include skin rash and occasional abnormal liver functions. [citation needed]Monobactam antibiotics exhibit no IgE cross-reactivity reactions with penicillin but have shown some cross reactivity with cephalosporins, most notably ceftazidime, which contains an identical side chain as aztreonam. [8]
Aztreonam/avibactam, sold under the brand name Emblaveo (by Pfizer), is a combination of aztreonam, a β-lactam antibiotic, and avibactam, a β-Lactamase inhibitor, developed by AbbVie and Pfizer for aerobic Gram-negative infections.
The overall rate of adverse events was comparable between the two treatment groups (The CANVAS I and CANVAS II trials evaluated ceftaroline monotherapy versus vancomycin plus aztreonam in adult subjects with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.).
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Cefpodoxime is an oral, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic available in various generic preparations. It is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms with notable exceptions including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis.