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METAR indicates that the following is a standard hourly observation. KTTN is the ICAO identifier for the Trenton-Mercer Airport . 051853Z indicates the day of the month is the 5th and the time of day is 1853 Zulu/ UTC , or 1:53PM Eastern Standard Time .
SYNOP (surface synoptic observations) is a numerical code (called FM-12 by WMO) used for reporting weather observations made by staffed and automated weather stations. SYNOP reports are typically sent every six hours by Deutscher Wetterdienst on shortwave and low frequency using RTTY .
TAFs are issued every three hours for military airfields and some civil airfields and cover a period ranging from 3 hours to 30 hours. Different countries use different change criteria for their weather groups. In the United Kingdom, TAFs for military airfields use colour states as one of the change criteria. Civil airfields in the UK use ...
The World Meteorological Organization acts to standardize the instrumentation, observing practices and timing of these observations worldwide. Stations either report hourly in METAR reports, [36] or every six hours in SYNOP reports. [37] Sites launch radiosondes, which rise through the depth of the troposphere and well into the stratosphere. [38]
Surface weather observations can include the following elements: The Station Identifier, or Location identifier, consists of four characters for METAR observations, [13] with the first representing the region of the world the station lies within. For example, the first letter for areas in and around the Pacific Ocean is P, and for Europe is E.
The Uhuru X-ray satellite made extensive observations and produced at least 4 catalogs wherein previous catalog designations were improved and relisted: 1ASE or 2ASE 1615+38 would appear successively as 2U 1615+38, 3U 1615+38, and 4U 1615+3802, for example. [34] After over a year of initial operation the first catalog (2U) was produced. [34]
Data dissemination is usually via an automated VHF airband radio frequency (108-137 MHz) at each airport, broadcasting the automated weather observation. This is often via the automatic terminal information service (ATIS). Most automated weather stations also have discrete phone numbers to retrieve real-time observations over the phone or ...
Distance measurements in astronomy have historically been and continue to be confounded by considerable measurement uncertainty. In particular, while stellar parallax can be used to measure the distance to nearby stars, the observational limits imposed by the difficulty in measuring the minuscule parallaxes associated with objects beyond our galaxy meant that astronomers had to look for ...