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Symptoms include pain, swelling, and bruising to the front of the knee. [1] A person may also be unable to walk. [1] Complications may include injury to the tibia, femur, or knee ligaments. [2] It typically results from a hard blow to the front of the knee or falling on the knee. [1] The patella can also be fractured indirectly.
Patellar subluxation syndrome is an injury involving the kneecap. Patellar subluxation is more common than patellar dislocation and is just as disabling. [1] In this condition, the patella repetitively subluxates and places strain on the medial restraints and excessive stress/tension on the patellofemoral joint. Patellar subluxation can be ...
Caused by a valgus force on the knee; it is a low energy injury, typically seen in individuals of the 4th decade or older with osteoporotic changes in bone. Most common, and make up 75% of all tibial plateau fractures. There is a 20% risk of distraction injuries to the medial collateral ligament.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS; not to be confused with jumper's knee) is knee pain as a result of problems between the kneecap and the femur. [4] The pain is generally in the front of the knee and comes on gradually. [2] [4] Pain may worsen with sitting down with a bent knee for long periods of time, excessive use, or climbing and ...
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Chondromalacia patellae (also known as CMP) is an inflammation of the underside of the patella and softening of the cartilage.. The cartilage under the kneecap is a natural shock absorber, and overuse, injury, and many other factors can cause increased deterioration and breakdown of the cartilage.
In the third and most common mechanism, the dashboard injury mechanism, the knee experiences impact in a posterior direction during knee flexion toward the space above the tibia. [ 10 ] [ 15 ] These mechanisms occur in excessive external tibial rotation and during falls that induce a combination of extension and adduction of the tibia, which is ...
There are several types of inflammation that can cause knee pain, including sprains, bursitis, and injuries to the meniscus. [9] A diagnosis of prepatellar bursitis can be made based on a physical examination and the presence of risk factors in the person's medical history ; swelling and tenderness at the front of the knee, combined with a ...