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The plane of incidence is defined by the incoming radiation's propagation vector and the normal vector of the surface. In describing reflection and refraction in optics, the plane of incidence (also called the incidence plane or the meridional plane [citation needed]) is the plane which contains the surface normal and the propagation vector of the incoming radiation. [1]
Let the plane of incidence be the xy plane (the plane of the page), with the angle of incidence θ i measured from j towards i. Let the angle of refraction, measured in the same sense, be θ t, where the subscript t stands for transmitted (reserving r for reflected). In the absence of Doppler shifts, ω does not change on reflection or refraction.
Reflection of the incident ray also occurs in the plane of incidence. The law of reflection states that the angle of reflection of a ray equals the angle of incidence, and that the incident direction, the surface normal, and the reflected direction are coplanar.
The angle of incidence, in geometric optics, is the angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular (at 90 degree angle) to the surface at the point of incidence, called the normal. The ray can be formed by any waves, such as optical, acoustic, microwave, and X-ray. In the figure below, the line representing a ray makes an ...
Given a normalized light vector (pointing from the light source toward the surface) and a normalized plane normal vector , one can work out the normalized reflected and refracted rays, via the cosines of the angle of incidence and angle of refraction , without explicitly using the sine values or any trigonometric functions or angles: [22]
Brewster's angle (also known as the polarization angle) is an angle of incidence at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent dielectric surface, with no reflection. When unpolarized light is incident at this angle, the light that is reflected from the surface is therefore perfectly polarized.
This effect occurs because the reflections of a finite-sized beam interferes along a line transverse to the average propagation direction. As shown in the figure, the superposition of two plane waves with slightly different angles of incidence but with the same frequency or wavelength is given by
Ellipsometry is a specular optical technique (the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection). The incident and the reflected beam span the plane of incidence. Light which is polarized parallel to this plane is named p-polarized. A polarization direction perpendicular is called s-polarized (s-polarised), accordingly.