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Fēngjiàn (Chinese: 封建; lit. 'demarcation and establishment') was a governance system in Ancient China and Imperial China, whose social structure formed a decentralized system of confederation -like government. [1] The ruling class consisted of the Son of Heaven (king or emperor) and aristocracy, and the lower class consisted of commoners ...
The social structure of China has an expansive history which begins from the feudal society of Imperial China to the contemporary era. [ 1 ] There was a Chinese nobility, beginning with the Zhou dynasty. However, after the Song dynasty, the powerful government offices were not hereditary. Instead, they were selected through the imperial ...
A painting of a gentry scholar with two courtesans, by Tang Yin, c. 1500. The four occupations (simplified Chinese: 士农工商; traditional Chinese: 士農工商; pinyin: Shì nóng gōng shāng), or "four categories of the people" (Chinese: 四民; pinyin: sì mín), [1] [2] was an occupation classification used in ancient China by either Confucian or Legalist scholars as far back as the ...
Chinese nobility. Qin Shi Huang, founder of the Qin dynasty, created the title of Huangdi, which is translated as "emperor" in English. The nobility of China represented the upper strata of aristocracy in premodern China, acting as the ruling class until c. 1000 CE, and remaining a significant feature of the traditional social structure until ...
Society and culture of the Han dynasty. Murals of the Dahuting Tomb (Chinese: 打虎亭汉墓; pinyin: Dahuting Han mu) of the late Eastern Han dynasty (25–220 CE), located in Zhengzhou, Henan province, China, showing scenes of daily life. The Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) was a period of Imperial China divided into the Western Han (206 ...
The Zhou dynasty ([ʈʂóʊ]; Chinese: 周) [c] was a royal dynasty of China that existed for 789 years from c. 1046 BC until 256 BC, the longest of all dynasties in Chinese history. During the Western Zhou period (c. 1046 – 771 BC), the royal house, surnamed Ji, had military control over ancient China. Even as Zhou suzerainty became ...
The decoration of two egrets on his chest are a "mandarin square", indicating that he was a civil official of the sixth rank. The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct ...
The Chinese ritual and music system (Chinese: 礼乐制度; pinyin: Lǐ yuè zhìdù) is a social system that originated in the Zhou dynasty to maintain the social order. [1] Together with the patriarchal system, it constituted the social system of the entire ancient China and had a great influence on the politics, culture, art and thought of ...