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The incidence of childhood leukemia has been increasing over time. However, this may be because of increased ability to detect, diagnose, and report the disease, rather than an actual increase in children who are affected. [37] [38] ALL is the most common type of childhood leukemia, accounting for 75-80% of diagnoses.
[1] [2] ITP often results in an increased risk of bleeding from mucosal surfaces (such as the nose or gums) or the skin (causing purpura and bruises). [1] Depending on which age group is affected, ITP causes two distinct clinical syndromes : an acute form observed in children and a chronic form in adults.
Specialty: Hematology and oncology: Symptoms: Bleeding, bruising, fatigue, fever, increased risk of infections [2] Usual onset: All ages, [3] most common in 60s and 70s. [4] It is the most common malignant cancer in children, but the cure rates are also higher for them.
The clinical signs and symptoms of leukostasis are non-specific but should be suspected in susceptible individuals with leukemia, a high white blood cell count (e.g., over 100,000), and new-onset neurologic or respiratory signs or symptoms. Rales may be heard when listening to the lungs with a stethoscope. [6]
[15] [4] In the United States it is the most common cause of cancer and death from cancer among children. [2] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is notable for being the first disseminated cancer to be cured. [16] Survival for children increased from under 10% in the 1960s to 90% in 2015. [2] Survival rates remain lower for babies (50%) [17] and ...
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare form of chronic leukemia (cancer of the blood) that affects children, commonly those aged four and younger. [2] The name JMML now encompasses all diagnoses formerly referred to as juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia (JCML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia of infancy, and infantile monosomy 7 syndrome.
In childhood, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients can expect a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 70% and an overall survival (OS) rate of 80%. [1] Among the approximately 25% of children who relapse, survival rates drop to 30-50%, with patients generally showing a much poorer prognosis. [ 1 ]
Hyperammonemia, elevated level of ammonia in blood (including cerebral edema/intracranial pressure) Guillain–Barré syndrome, due to elevated protein levels; POEMS syndrome, a paraneoplastic syndrome that can cause increased intracranial pressure. Foster Kennedy syndrome (FKS) Chiari malformation; Tumors of the frontal lobe