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Buddhist culture is exemplified through Buddhist art, Buddhist architecture, Buddhist music and Buddhist cuisine. As Buddhism expanded from the Indian subcontinent it adopted artistic and cultural elements of host countries in other parts of Asia .
Buddhism has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to the West in the 20th century. [12] According to tradition, the Buddha instructed his followers in a path of development which leads to awakening and full liberation from dukkha (lit. ' suffering or unease ' [note 1]).
Uyghur Buddhism was the last major Buddhist culture in Xinjiang and it lasted until the mid 14th century. [90] After the Islamicisation of Xinjiang , Buddhism ceased to be a major religion there. Gupta and Pāla eras
Buddhism is the majority religion in Cambodia, Japan, Myanmar, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, and Mongolia. It is also the most followed religion in certain nations or territories without any majority religion, such as Mainland China , Hong Kong , [ 4 ] Macau , [ 5 ] [ 2 ] Singapore , [ 6 ] Taiwan , Vietnam , [ 7 ] and Kalmykia in Russia .
Since Buddhism and meditation became a part of popular culture in US in the 1970s, it has become common to see Buddhist themes expressed in contemporary mythmaking. The film series Star Wars , which was deliberately constructed as a modern myth on the Campbell model, features many Buddhist motifs.
Buddhist monasticism is one of the earliest surviving forms of organized monasticism and one of the fundamental institutions of Buddhism.Monks and nuns, called bhikkhu (Pali, Skt. bhikshu) and bhikkhuni (Skt. bhikshuni), are responsible for the preservation and dissemination of the Buddha's teaching and the guidance of Buddhist lay people.
Followers of Buddhism called Buddhists in English, referred to themselves as Saugata. [10] Other terms were Sakyans or Sakyabhiksu in ancient India. [11] [12] Sakyaputto was another term used by Buddhists, as well as Ariyasavako [13] and Jinaputto. [14] Buddhist scholar Donald S. Lopez states they also used the term Bauddha. [15]
The Indian Buddhist Madhyamaka ("Middle Way" or "Centrism") philosophy, also called Śūnyavāda (the emptiness doctrine) is the dominant Buddhist philosophy in Tibetan Buddhism. In Madhyamaka, the true nature of reality is referred to as Śūnyatā , which is the fact that all phenomena are empty of inherent existence or essence ( svabhava ).
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