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A quadruple jump or quad is a figure skating jump with at least four (but fewer than five) revolutions. [1] All quadruple jumps have four revolutions, except for the quadruple Axel, which has four and a half revolutions. The quadruple toe loop and quadruple Salchow are the two most commonly performed quads.
The toe loop jump is the simplest jump in figure skating. [37] It was invented in the 1920s by American professional figure skater Bruce Mapes. [38] In competition the base value of a single toe loop is 0.40; the base value of a double toe loop is 1.30; the base value of a triple toe loop is 4.20; and the base value of a quadruple toe loop is 9 ...
Due to the large number of entries at the World Championships, only the top 24 single skaters and top 20 pairs advanced to the free skating after the short program. In ice dancing, the top 30 couples in the compulsory dance advanced to the original dance , and the top 24 couples after the original dance advanced to the free dance .
In the free programme he included a quadruple jump combination (the only one in the competition) and moved him all the way up to fourth, just off the podium behind American Rudy Galindo, who won the bronze. His quadruple toe loop–triple toe loop was the first ever performed by a skater in a major competition.
Additionally, the difference in base value between a triple Axel and a triple Lutz is 2.2 points, whereas between a quadruple toe and a triple Axel it is only 1.6 points. The degree of difficulty, however, between a triple Axel and a quad is greater than the degree of difficulty between a triple Lutz and a triple Axel. [citation needed]
Judges look for the following when evaluating pair lifts: speed of entry and exit; control of the woman's free leg when she is exiting out of the lift, with the goal of keeping the leg high and sweeping; the position of the woman in the air; the man's footwork; quick and easy changes of position; and the maintenance of flow throughout the lift. [1]
1: Natalia Mishkutenok / Artur Dmitriev Soviet Union: 2.0: 2: 1 2: Isabelle Brasseur / Lloyd Eisler Canada: 2.5: 1: 2 3: Natasha Kuchiki / Todd Sand United States: 5.0: 4: 3 4 Elena Bechke / Denis Petrov Soviet Union: 6.5: 3: 5 5 Evgenia Shishkova / Vadim Naumov Soviet Union: 7.5: 7: 4 6 Radka Kovaříková / René Novotný Czechoslovakia: 8.5 ...
[1] [2] According to U.S. Figure Skating, the loop jump is "the most fundamental of all the jumps". [3] According to writer Ellyn Kestnbaum, the jump also gets its name from the shape the blade would leave on the ice if the skater performed the rotation without leaving the ice. [ 4 ]