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Peptic ulcer disease is when the inner part of the stomach's gastric mucosa (lining of the stomach), the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus, gets damaged.
[186] [187] Nevertheless, Blaser has reasserted his view that H. pylori is a member of the normal gastric microbiota. [17] He postulates that the changes in gastric physiology caused by the loss of H. pylori account for the recent increase in incidence of several diseases, including type 2 diabetes , obesity , and asthma.
The gastric folds consist of two layers: Mucosal layer – This layer releases stomach acid.It is the innermost layer of the stomach. [5] It is affected by the hormone histamine, which signals it to release hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Shaken baby syndrome (SBS), also known as abusive head trauma (AHT), is a controversial and scientifically disputed [4] [5] [6] medical condition in children younger than five years old, [3] hypothesized to be caused by blunt trauma, vigorous shaking, or a combination of both.