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Its vascular and biomechanical properties make it susceptible to injury. This may partly explain a higher risk of stress fractures and osteonecrosis in this location. Athletes who run, cut and pivot are particularly susceptible to injuries in this area. It is known as the keystone of the foot [10] and injuries to it can be "exasperating." [11]
Stress fractures most frequently occur in weight-bearing bones of the lower extremities, such as the tibia and fibula (bones of the lower leg), calcaneus (heel bone), metatarsal and navicular bones (bones of the foot). Less common are stress fractures to the femur, pelvis, sacrum, lumbar spine (lower back), hips, hands, and writs. Stress ...
Le Fort's fracture of the ankle: Léon Clément Le Fort: vertical fracture of distal fibula with avulsion of medial malleolus: LeFort's fracture of the ankle at Whonamedit? Lisfranc fracture: Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin: fracture dislocation of midfoot: forced plantar flexion of foot or dropping heavy weight on foot: Lisfranc fracture at ...
Stress injuries (stress fractures and stress reactions) of the lumbosacral region are one of the causes of sports-related lower back pain in young individuals. [18] The onset of the observed cervical fractures in sports injury were likely due to continued momentum that transferred loads superiorly through the neck, which exacerbates injuries to ...
Depending on the area of entrapment, other areas can be affected. If the entrapment is high, the entire foot can be affected as varying branches of the tibial nerve can become involved. Ankle pain is also present in patients who have high level entrapments. Inflammation or swelling can occur within this tunnel for a number of reasons.
When stress is put on the plantar fascia ligament, it does not cause only plantar fasciitis, but causes a heel spur where the plantar fascia attaches to the heel bone. [5] The considerations that affect plantar heel pain are the alignment of the foot with lower leg, foot and ankle mobility, strength and endurance of muscle.
Physical stress causes multiple tiny fractures where the middle of the metatarsal meets the growth plate. These fractures impair blood flow to the end of the metatarsal resulting in the death of bone cells (osteonecrosis). It is an uncommon condition, occurring most often in young women, athletes, and those with abnormally long metatarsals.
These fractures are sometimes called march fractures, based on their traditional association with military recruits after long marches. The second and third metatarsals are fixed while walking, thus these metatarsals are common sites of injury. The fifth metatarsal may be fractured if the foot is oversupinated during locomotion. [9]