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In the 2-dimensional case, a ball is called a disk. If a half-space is taken as a kind of degenerate ball (without a well-defined center or radius), a half-space can be taken as analogous to a half-bounded interval, with its boundary plane as the (degenerate) sphere corresponding to the finite endpoint.
2. Denotes the additive inverse and is read as minus, the negative of, or the opposite of; for example, –2. 3. Also used in place of \ for denoting the set-theoretic complement; see \ in § Set theory. × (multiplication sign) 1. In elementary arithmetic, denotes multiplication, and is read as times; for example, 3 × 2. 2.
Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]
Most special functions are considered as a function of a complex variable. They are analytic; the singularities and cuts are described; the differential and integral representations are known and the expansion to the Taylor series or asymptotic series are available.
[1] [2] [3] By contrast, discrete mathematics excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as real numbers, calculus or Euclidean geometry. Discrete objects can often be enumerated by integers ; more formally, discrete mathematics has been characterized as the branch of mathematics dealing with countable sets [ 4 ] (finite sets or sets with ...
In that case, a and b are π / 2 − φ 1,2 (that is, the, co-latitudes), C is the longitude separation λ 2 − λ 1, and c is the desired d / R . Noting that sin( π / 2 − φ) = cos(φ), the haversine formula immediately follows. To derive the law of haversines, one starts with the spherical law of cosines:
The word mathematics comes from the Ancient Greek word máthēma (μάθημα), meaning ' something learned, knowledge, mathematics ', and the derived expression mathēmatikḗ tékhnē (μαθηματικὴ τέχνη), meaning ' mathematical science '. It entered the English language during the Late Middle English period through French and ...
(6) The result is 5 heqat. Then reckon what you need for a des-jug of beer like the beer called 1/2 1/4 malt-date beer (7) The result is 1/2 of the heqat measure needed for des-jug of beer made from Upper-Egyptian grain. (8) Calculate 1/2 of 5 heqat, the result will be 2 1/2 (9) Take this 2 1/2 four times (10) The result is 10. Then you say to him: