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  2. METAR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/METAR

    METAR is a format for reporting weather information. A METAR weather report is predominantly used by aircraft pilots, and by meteorologists, who use aggregated METAR information to assist in weather forecasting. Raw METAR is the most common format in the world for the transmission of observational weather data.

  3. Terminal aerodrome forecast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_aerodrome_forecast

    In meteorology and aviation, terminal aerodrome forecast (TAF) is a format for reporting weather forecast information, [1] particularly as it relates to aviation. TAFs complement and use similar encoding to METAR reports. They are produced by a human forecaster based on the ground.

  4. Winds aloft - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winds_aloft

    Winds aloft, officially known as the winds and temperatures aloft forecast, (known as "FD" in the US and Canada, but becoming known as "FB", following the World Meteorological Organization [WMO] nomenclature), is a forecast of specific atmospheric conditions in terms of wind and temperature at certain altitudes, typically measured in feet (ft) above mean sea level (MSL).

  5. SIGMET - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIGMET

    An en-route weather phenomenon in the U.S., issued by the Aviation Weather Center in Kansas City, MO on the 7th of August, at 16:55 UTC [10] SIGC CONVECTIVE SIGMET 83C This is a convective weather pattern in the central region of the contiguous U.S. with sequence number 83C VALID UNTIL 1855Z That is valid until 18:55 UTC MI IN WI IL IA LM

  6. AIRMET - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIRMET

    An AIRMET, or Airmen's Meteorological Information, is a concise description of weather phenomena that are occurring or may occur (forecast) along an air route that may affect aircraft safety. Compared to SIGMETs , AIRMETs cover less severe weather: moderate turbulence and icing, sustained surface winds of 30 knots or more, or widespread ...

  7. Trough (meteorology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_(meteorology)

    The weather charts in some countries or regions mark troughs by a line. In the United States, a trough may be marked as a dashed line or bold line. In the UK, Hong Kong [ 1 ] and Fiji, [ 2 ] it is represented by a bold line extended from a low pressure center [ 3 ] or between two low pressure centers; [ 4 ] in Macau [ 5 ] and Australia, [ 6 ...

  8. Instrument meteorological conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_meteorological...

    A pilot's view of the runway just before landing in thick fog at night. In aviation, instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) are weather conditions that require pilots to fly primarily by reference to flight instruments, and therefore under instrument flight rules (IFR), as opposed to flying by outside visual references under visual flight rules (VFR).

  9. Weather forecasting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_forecasting

    Because the aviation industry is especially sensitive to the weather, accurate weather forecasting is essential. Fog or exceptionally low ceilings can prevent many aircraft from landing and taking off. [96] Turbulence and icing are also significant in-flight hazards. [97]