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Physica A was created in 1975 as a result of the splitting of Physica in 1975. It is concerned with statistical mechanics and its applications, particularly random systems, fluids and soft condensed matter, dynamical processes, theoretical biology, econophysics, complex systems, and network theory.
In engineering and materials science, a stress–strain curve for a material gives the relationship between stress and strain.It is obtained by gradually applying load to a test coupon and measuring the deformation, from which the stress and strain can be determined (see tensile testing).
In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that describes forces present during deformation.For example, an object being pulled apart, such as a stretched elastic band, is subject to tensile stress and may undergo elongation.
In mechanics, strain is defined as relative deformation, compared to a reference position configuration. Different equivalent choices may be made for the expression of a strain field depending on whether it is defined with respect to the initial or the final configuration of the body and on whether the metric tensor or its dual is considered.
Stress analysis is specifically concerned with solid objects. The study of stresses in liquids and gases is the subject of fluid mechanics.. Stress analysis adopts the macroscopic view of materials characteristic of continuum mechanics, namely that all properties of materials are homogeneous at small enough scales.
For the thin-walled assumption to be valid, the vessel must have a wall thickness of no more than about one-tenth (often cited as Diameter / t > 20) of its radius. [4] This allows for treating the wall as a surface, and subsequently using the Young–Laplace equation for estimating the hoop stress created by an internal pressure on a thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel:
Residual stress in a roll-formed hollow structural section causes it to gape when cut with a band-saw.. In materials science and solid mechanics, residual stresses are stresses that remain in a solid material after the original cause of the stresses has been removed.
Tensile testing on a coir composite. Specimen size is not to standard (Instron). Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, [1] is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure.