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1994: The first breast cancer gene is discovered. BRCA I was discovered by researchers at the King laboratory at UC Berkeley in 1990 but was first cloned in 1994. BRCA II, the second key gene in the manifestation of breast cancer was discovered later in 1994 by Professor Michael Stratton and Dr. Richard Wooster.
1949 – Oncolytic viruses began human clinical trials [13] [14] 1951 – Dr. Jane C. Wright demonstrated the use of the antifolate, methotrexate in solid tumors, showing remission in breast cancer [4] 1950s – Anti-cancer anthracyclines isolated from the Streptomyces peucetius bacteria.
Cancer gene therapy was introduced in 1992/93 (Trojan et al. 1993). [167] The treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, the malignant brain tumor whose outcome is always fatal, was done using a vector expressing antisense IGF-I RNA (clinical trial approved by NIH protocol no.1602 24 November 1993, [168] and by the FDA in 1994). This therapy also ...
This type of genetic testing can be used for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. [21] A sample of the cancer tissue can be sent in for genetic analysis by a specialized lab. After analysis, information retrieved can identify mutations in the tumor which can be used to determine the best treatment option. [22]
Vibrio cholerae bacteria are transmitted through contaminated water. [10] Once ingested, the bacteria colonize the intestinal tract of the host and produce a toxin which causes body fluids to flow across the lining of the intestine. Death can result in 2–3 hours from dehydration if no treatment is provided. [11]
J. Allende publishes a book describing the treatment of gastric ulcers with penicillin. [2] 1953 Dintzis and Hastings are able to stop urease production in mice with antibiotics, suggesting a relationship between urease and a bacterial infection. [19] 1954 Palmer publishes a study which finds no bacteria in the human stomach.
In the 1940s and early 1950s, experiments pointed to DNA as the portion of chromosomes (and perhaps other nucleoproteins) that held genes. A focus on new model organisms such as viruses and bacteria, along with the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA in 1953, marked the transition to the era of molecular genetics.
Viruses were known to be composed of a protein shell and DNA, so they chose to uniquely label each with a different elemental isotope. This allowed each to be observed and analyzed separately. Since phosphorus is contained in DNA but not amino acids, radioactive phosphorus-32 was used to label the DNA contained in the T2 phage. Radioactive ...