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  2. Size-exclusion chromatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Size-exclusion_chromatography

    All molecules below this molecular mass are so small that they elute as a single band. [7] The filtered solution that is collected at the end is known as the eluate. The void volume includes any particles too large to enter the medium, and the solvent volume is known as the column volume.

  3. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...

  4. Dialysis (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis_(chemistry)

    Dialysis is the process used to change the matrix of molecules in a sample by differentiating molecules by the classification of size. [6] [7] It relies on diffusion, which is the random, thermal movement of molecules in solution (Brownian motion) that leads to the net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

  5. Centrifugation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugation

    Further application of centrifugation showed that under different conditions the large homogeneous particles could be broken down into discrete subunits. [24] The development of centrifugation was a great advance in experimental protein science. Linderstorm-Lang, in 1937, discovered that density gradient tubes could be used for density ...

  6. Macromolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromolecule

    Usage of the term to describe large molecules varies among the disciplines. For example, while biology refers to macromolecules as the four large molecules comprising living things, in chemistry , the term may refer to aggregates of two or more molecules held together by intermolecular forces rather than covalent bonds but which do not readily ...

  7. Separation process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_process

    Electrophoresis, separates organic molecules based on their different interaction with a gel under an electric potential (i.e., different travel) Capillary electrophoresis Electrostatic separation , works on the principle of corona discharge, where two plates are placed close together and high voltage is applied.

  8. Glossary of biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

    A semipermeable membrane separating the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid, and constituting a barrier to the passage of cells, particles, and large molecules. botany The branch of biology that studies plants. building biology A science that leads to natural healthy ecological homes, schools, and workplaces that exist in harmony with the ...

  9. Particle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle

    In the physical sciences, a particle (or corpuscule in older texts) is a small localized object which can be described by several physical or chemical properties, such as volume, density, or mass. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They vary greatly in size or quantity, from subatomic particles like the electron , to microscopic particles like atoms and molecules ...

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