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Hypothyroidism is a disease that may have severe, adverse effects on the brain development in a fetus. These problems are often caused by a "passing-down" from the mother or from an external neurotoxin causing impaired cognitive ability and, in extreme cases, mental retardation. [20]
Environmental toxicants and fetal development is the impact of different toxic substances from the environment on the development of the fetus. This article deals with potential adverse effects of environmental toxicants on the prenatal development of both the embryo or fetus, as well as pregnancy complications. The human embryo or fetus is ...
[1]: 24 [4] Sex differences in the brain have been found in many structures, most notably the hypothalamus and the amygdala. [2] However, few of these have been related to behavioral sex differences, and scientists are still working to establish firm links between early hormones, brain development and behavior. [2]
Therefore, mothers suffering from thyroid-related issues and altered thyroid hormone levels may inadvertently trigger structural and functional changes in the fetal brain. The fetus is able to produce its own thyroid hormones from the onset of the second trimester; however, maternal thyroid hormones are important for brain development before ...
Brain development is often affected; people with this disorder often have an intellectual disability, poor motor function, poor speech, abnormal facial features, seizures and dwarfism. [3] The disorder is caused by a disruption to the genetic processes that form the brain early in pregnancy, [3] though the cause is not identified in most cases. [4]
Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development. [1] It is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the rostral (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day following conception. [2]
Holoprosencephaly is typically diagnosed during fetal development when there are abnormalities found on fetal brain imaging, but it can also be diagnosed after birth. The protocol for diagnosis includes neuroimaging ( Ultrasound or fetal MRI prior to birth or Ultrasound, MRI or CT post birth), syndrome evaluation, cytogenetics , molecular ...
If this neural tube does not close completely, the fetus may have a birth disorder called spina bifida. In the case of spina bifida myelomeningocele, the fetus may experience changes to their brain structure among other developmental problems. [7] The second trimester is also essential for perinatal brain development. By week 20 of pregnancy ...