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The 89 known strains of B. anthracis include: Sterne strain (34F2; aka the "Weybridge strain"), used by Max Sterne in his 1930s vaccines; Vollum strain, formerly weaponized by the US, UK, and Iraq; isolated from a cow in Oxfordshire, UK, in 1935 Vollum M-36, virulent British research strain; passed through macaques 36 times
The Sterne strain, like all Bacillus anthracis strains, has two functional 𝛃-lactamases, but gene expression is usually not sufficient to allow drug resistance. The Sterne strain acts as a good comparison to other anthrax strains, as it is a prototypical and easy to work with strain, with sensitivity to penicillin. [11]
The Vollum strain is one of the 89 known strains of the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis). It is named Vollum after Roy Vollum, the Canadian-born bacteriologist who first isolated it from a cow in Oxford, England. The "Vollum 14578" strain was selected for use in the bioweapons trials on Gruinard Island, which took place in 1942.
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis or Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis. [2] Infection typically occurs by contact with the skin, inhalation, or intestinal absorption. [9] Symptom onset occurs between one day and more than two months after the infection is contracted. [1]
Bacillus (Latin "stick") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum Bacillota, with 266 named species.The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of other so-shaped bacteria; and the plural Bacilli is the name of the class of bacteria to which this genus belongs.
Anthrax vaccines are vaccines to prevent the livestock and human disease anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. [1]They have had a prominent place in the history of medicine, from Pasteur's pioneering 19th-century work with cattle (the first effective bacterial vaccine and the second effective vaccine ever) to the controversial late 20th century use of a modern product to protect ...
Trump’s administration has promised to slash mortgage rates and home prices by instituting mass deportations of undocumented immigrants and easing federal regulations around building and land use.
Research was initiated at Sverdlovsk on bacterial pathogens including Bacillus anthracis. In 1951, a programme was launched which focussed on botulinum toxin. [4] Later in the 1970s, interest in the latter ceased and there was a major shift in focus to B. anthracis. [6]