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Heavy menstrual bleeding is defined as total menstrual flow >80ml per cycle, soaking a pad/tampon at least every 2 hours, changing a pad/tampon in the middle of the night, or bleeding lasting for >7 days. [3][1][9] Deviations in terms of frequency of menses, duration of menses, or volume of menses qualifies as abnormal uterine bleeding.
Menstruation is triggered by falling progesterone levels, and is a sign that pregnancy has not occurred. The first period, a point in time known as menarche, usually begins between the ages of 12 and 15. [1] Menstruation starting as young as 8 years would still be considered normal. [2] The average age of the first period is generally later in ...
The flow of blood continues for 2–6 days and around 30–60 milliliters of blood is lost, [15] and is a sign that pregnancy has not occurred. [48] The flow of blood normally serves as a sign that a woman has not become pregnant, but this cannot be taken as certainty, as several factors can cause bleeding during pregnancy. [49]
Cervix with a bluish-violet discolouration. Chadwick sign is a medical clinical sign characterised by the bluish-violet discolouration of the mucous membranes of the vulva, vagina (particularly on the anterior vaginal wall), and the cervix, resulting from venous congestion due to increased blood flow as part of the maternal physiological changes in pregnancy.
Most pregnant women experience a number of symptoms, [71] which can signify pregnancy. A number of early medical signs are associated with pregnancy. [72] [73] These signs include: the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the blood and urine; missed menstrual period
The study, which included nearly 30,000 women averaging 55 years of age, measured two types of fat in the bloodstream along with a certain type of protein with a blood test in 1993, then monitored ...
Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in men in over half of the world's countries, and the leading cause of cancer death in men in around a quarter of countries. [ 90 ] Prostate cancer is rare in those under 40 years old, [ 91 ] and most cases occur in those over 60 years, [ 2 ] with the average person diagnosed at 67. [ 92 ]
Methemoglobinemia, or methaemoglobinaemia, is a condition of elevated methemoglobin in the blood. [2] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, nausea, poor muscle coordination, and blue-colored skin (cyanosis). [2] Complications may include seizures and heart arrhythmias. [3][4]