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In light microscopy, oil immersion is a technique used to increase the resolving power of a microscope. This is achieved by immersing both the objective lens and the specimen in a transparent oil of high refractive index, thereby increasing the numerical aperture of the objective lens. Without oil, light waves reflect off the slide specimen ...
Typical oils used have an index of refraction around 1.515. [2] An oil immersion objective is an objective lens specially designed to be used in this way. The index of the oil is typically chosen to match the index of the microscope lens glass, and of the cover slip. For more details, see the main article, oil immersion.
In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is a dimensionless number that gives the indication of the light bending ability of that medium. Refraction of a light ray. The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material. This is described by Snell's law of ...
Immersion lithography is a technique used in semiconductor manufacturing to enhance the resolution and accuracy of the lithographic process. It involves using a liquid medium, typically water, between the lens and the wafer during exposure. By using a liquid with a higher refractive index than air, immersion lithography allows for smaller ...
This index is determined by comparing two minerals directly, or comparing a mineral to a reference material such as Canada Balsam or an oil of known refractive index (oil immersion). When permanently mounted to a slide under a cover slip, the mounting medium is normally chosen to have the same refractive index as Canada Balsam ( n =1.55) to ...
Some microscopes make use of oil-immersion objectives or water-immersion objectives for greater resolution at high magnification. These are used with index-matching material such as immersion oil or water and a matched cover slip between the objective lens and the sample. The refractive index of the index-matching material is higher than air ...
where n is the index of refraction of the medium in which the lens is working (1.00 for air, 1.33 for pure water, and typically 1.52 for immersion oil; [1] see also list of refractive indices), and θ is the half-angle of the maximum cone of light that can enter or exit the lens.
The maximum NA is limited by the refractive index of the medium between the lens and the sample. As with objective lenses, a condenser lens with a maximum numerical aperture of greater than 0.95 is designed to be used under oil immersion (or, more rarely, under water immersion ), with a layer of immersion oil placed in contact with both the ...