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Nitrifying bacteria are chemolithotrophic organisms that include species of genera such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrobacter, Nitrospina, Nitrospira and Nitrococcus. These bacteria get their energy from the oxidation of inorganic nitrogen compounds. [1] Types include ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB ...
Putrefying bacteria is a broad term used to define several species of bacteria involved in decomposition and fermentation. Putrefying bacteria play a key role in decomposing and fermenting substances within the body as well as the body itself after death. Putrefaction is defined as the final step of decomposition after death. [3]
An example of free-living bacteria is Azotobacter. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium usually live in the root nodules of legumes (such as peas, alfalfa, and locust trees). Here they form a mutualistic relationship with the plant, producing ammonia in exchange for carbohydrates. Because of this relationship, legumes will often ...
Graphic depicting the human skin microbiota, with relative prevalences of various classes of bacteria. The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, [1] including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung ...
Denitrifying bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria that encompass many different phyla. This group of bacteria, together with denitrifying fungi and archaea, is capable of performing denitrification as part of the nitrogen cycle. [1] Denitrification is performed by a variety of denitrifying bacteria that are widely distributed in soils and ...
Morphology and characteristics. Nitrobacter are gram-negative bacteria and are either rod-shaped, pear-shaped or pleomorphic. [1][2] They are typically 0.5–0.9 μm in width and 1.0–2.0 μm in length and have an intra-cytomembrane polar cap. [5][2] Due to the presence of cytochromes c, they are often yellow in cell suspensions. [5]
Human microbiota are microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea) found in a specific environment. They can be found in the stomach, intestines, skin, genitals and other parts of the body. [1] Various body parts have diverse microorganisms. Some microbes are specific to certain body parts and others are associated with many microbiomes.
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by a nitrogenase enzyme. [1] The overall reaction for BNF is: N2 + 16ATP + 16H2O + 8e− + 8H+ → 2NH3 +H2 + 16ADP + 16Pi. The process is coupled to the hydrolysis of 16 equivalents of ATP and is accompanied by the co-formation of one equivalent of H.