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In thermodynamics, an exothermic process (from Ancient Greek έξω (éxō) 'outward' and θερμικός (thermikós) 'thermal') [1] is a thermodynamic process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, [2] usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or flash), electricity (e.g. a ...
The thermite reaction is famously exothermic. The reduction of iron (III) oxide by aluminium releases sufficient heat to yield molten iron. In thermochemistry, an exothermic reaction is a "reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change Δ H ⚬ is negative." [1][2] Exothermic reactions usually release heat.
The reaction of molybdenum dioxide with the transporting agent iodine is an exothermic process, thus the MoO 2 migrates from the cooler end (700 °C) to the hotter end (900 °C): MoO 2 + I 2 ⇌ MoO 2 I 2 ΔH rxn < 0 (exothermic) Using 10 milligrams of iodine for 4 grams of the solid, the process requires several days.
Freezing is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. In accordance with the internationally established definition, freezing means the solidification phase change of a liquid or the liquid content of a substance, usually due to cooling. [1][2] For most substances, the ...
Aluminothermic reactions are exothermic chemical reactions using aluminium as the reducing agent at high temperature. The process is industrially useful for production of alloys of iron. [1] The most prominent example is the thermite reaction between iron oxides and aluminium to produce iron itself: Fe 2 O 3 + 2 Al → 2 Fe + Al 2 O 3.
Methanation is the conversion of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (CO x) to methane (CH 4) through hydrogenation. The methanation reactions of CO x were first discovered by Sabatier and Senderens in 1902. [1] CO x methanation has many practical applications. It is a means of carbon oxide removal from process gases and is also being discussed ...
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is a method for producing both inorganic and organic compounds by exothermic combustion reactions in solids of different nature. [1] Reactions can occur between a solid reactant coupled with either a gas, liquid, or other solid. If the reactants, intermediates, and products are all solids, it is ...
Chemical reactions involving thermal runaway are also called thermal explosions in chemical engineering, or runaway reactions in organic chemistry.It is a process by which an exothermic reaction goes out of control: the reaction rate increases due to an increase in temperature, causing a further increase in temperature and hence a further rapid increase in the reaction rate.