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For example, calculations suggest that Fe 2 (CO) 9 lacks an iron–iron bond by virtue of a 3-center 2-electron bond involving one of three bridging CO ligands. [ 5 ] Representations of two kinds of μ-bridging ligand interactions, 3-center, 4-electron bond (left) and 3-center, 2-electron bonding.
A bridging ligand links two or more metal centers. Virtually all inorganic solids with simple formulas are coordination polymers, consisting of metal ion centres linked by bridging ligands. This group of materials includes all anhydrous binary metal ion halides and pseudohalides. Bridging ligands also persist in solution.
a) Doubly bridging and b) terminal oxo ligands. A transition metal oxo complex is a coordination complex containing an oxo ligand. Formally O 2–, an oxo ligand can be bound to one or more metal centers, i.e. it can exist as a terminal or (most commonly) as bridging ligands. Oxo ligands stabilize high oxidation states of a metal. [1]
Usually binucleating ligands feature bridging ligands, such as phenoxide, pyrazolate, or pyrazine, as well as other donor groups that bind to only one of the two metal ions. Some ligands binucleating ligands are symmetrical, which facilitates the formation of homobimetallic complexes.
Ligands may bridge two or more centres. The prefix μ is used to specify a bridging ligand in both the formula and the name. For example the dimeric form of aluminium trichloride: Al 2 Cl 4 (μ-Cl) 2 di-μ-chlorido-tetrachlorido-1κ 2 Cl,2κ 2 Cl-dialuminium. This example illustrates the ordering of bridging and non bridging ligands of the same ...
Bidentate, bridging: Phosphate, like carboxylate and sulfate, is well suited to span metal-metal bonds. This bonding mode is illustrated by [Mo 2 (HPO 4) 4] 4−, which features a Mo-Mo triple bond. [3] Related [Pt(III)] 2 complexes have been reported. [4] Tridentate, bridging.
Structure of Nb 2 Cl 6 (SMe 2) 3, illustrating a bridging thioether. [9] Unlike ethers, thioethers occasionally serve as bridging ligands. The complexes Nb 2 Cl 6 (SMe 2) 3 is one such example. It adopts a face-sharing bioctahedral structure with a Nb(III)=Nb(III) bond
Metal complexes containing terminal hydrides are common. In bi- and polynuclear compounds, hydrides usually are bridging ligands. Of these bridging hydrides many are oligomeric, such as Stryker's reagent. [14] [(Ph 3 P)CuH] 6 and clusters such as [Rh 6 (PR 3) 6 H 12] 2+. [15]