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Western New Guinea, also known as Papua, Indonesian New Guinea, and Indonesian Papua, [3] is the western half of the island of New Guinea, formerly Dutch and granted to Indonesia in 1962. Given the island is alternatively named Papua, the region is also called West Papua ( Indonesian : Papua Barat ).
At 462,840 km 2 (178,704 sq mi), Papua New Guinea is the world's 54th-largest country and the third-largest island country. [14] Papua New Guinea is part of the Australasian realm, which also includes Australia, New Zealand, eastern Indonesia, and several Pacific island groups, including the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.
Western New Guinea was formally annexed by Indonesia in 1969. From 1971, the name Papua New Guinea was used for the Australian territory. On 16 September 1975, Australia granted full independence to Papua New Guinea. In 2000, Irian Jaya was formally renamed "The Province of Papua" and a Law on Special Autonomy was passed in 2001.
According to the official Indonesian law, [2] the Papuans, [2] indigenous Papuans, [2] or native Papuans (the plural anglicisation of Papua or Papwa) are the common native-derived internationalized endonym in Indonesian English for the Native Eastern Indonesians of Papua-origin (as opposed to “New Guineans” term coined by the British colonizers).
Papuan is also home to ethnic groups from other part of Indonesia, including the Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, Batak, etc. [205] Most of these migrants came as part of the transmigration program, which was an initiative of the Dutch colonial government and later continued by the Indonesian government to move landless people from densely ...
On the other hand, Indonesia regarded West New Guinea as an intrinsic part of the country on the basis that Indonesia was the successor state to the Dutch East Indies. Papuans participated in the momentous 1928 Youth Pledge , which is the first proclamation of an "Indonesian identity" which symbolically was attended by numerous ethnic youth ...
At stake in three cases being decided by the court is the fate of nearly 115,000 hectares of forest, part of the single Papuan tribe, palm oil firms battle for land rights in Indonesian top court ...
The Indonesia–Papua New Guinea border is the international border between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The border, which divides the island of New Guinea in half, consists of two straight north–south lines connected by a short section running along the Fly River , totalling 824 km (512 mi). [ 1 ]