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All of the electromechanical machines used in World War II were of this logical class, as were the Caesar and Atbash ciphers and essentially all cipher systems throughout history. The 'key' for a code is, of course, the codebook, which must likewise be distributed and kept secret, and so shares most of the same problems in practice.
The Aristocrat Cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher in which plaintext is replaced with ciphertext and encoded into assorted letters, numbers, and symbols based on a keyword. The formatting of these ciphers generally includes a title, letter frequency, keyword indicators, and the encoder's nom de plume . [ 1 ]
The list of ciphers in this work included both substitution and transposition, and for the first time, a cipher with multiple substitutions for each plaintext letter. Charles Babbage , UK, 19th century mathematician who, about the time of the Crimean War , secretly developed an effective attack against polyalphabetic substitution ciphers.
The Al Bhed language in Final Fantasy X is actually a substitution cipher, although it is pronounced phonetically (i.e. "you" in English is translated to "oui" in Al Bhed, but is pronounced the same way that "oui" is pronounced in French). The Minbari's alphabet from the Babylon 5 series is a substitution cipher from English.
In a substitution cipher, letters, or groups of letters, are systematically replaced throughout the message for other letters, groups of letters, or symbols. A well-known example of a substitution cipher is the Caesar cipher. To encrypt a message with the Caesar cipher, each letter of message is replaced by the letter three positions later in ...
Although ciphers can be confusion-only (substitution cipher, one-time pad) or diffusion-only (transposition cipher), any "reasonable" block cipher uses both confusion and diffusion. [2] These concepts are also important in the design of cryptographic hash functions , and pseudorandom number generators , where decorrelation of the generated ...
Operating systems use encryption to keep passwords secret, conceal parts of the system, and ensure that software updates are truly from the system maker. [74] Instead of storing plaintext passwords, computer systems store hashes thereof; then, when a user logs in, the system passes the given password through a cryptographic hash function and ...
600-500 – Hebrew scholars make use of simple monoalphabetic substitution ciphers (such as the Atbash cipher) c. 400 – Spartan use of scytale (alleged) c. 400 – Herodotus reports use of steganography in reports to Greece from Persia (tattoo on shaved head) 100-1 A.D.- Notable Roman ciphers such as the Caesar cipher.