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There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data. Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.
For example, a data model for a city would include a list of data layers to be included (e.g., roads, buildings, parcels, zoning), with each being specified with the type of generic spatial data model being used (e.g. raster or vector), choices of parameters such as coordinate system, and its attribute columns.
GIS data acquisition includes several methods for gathering spatial data into a GIS database, which can be grouped into three categories: primary data capture, the direct measurement phenomena in the field (e.g., remote sensing, the global positioning system); secondary data capture, the extraction of information from existing sources that are ...
A spatial data infrastructure (SDI), also called geospatial data infrastructure, [1] is a data infrastructure implementing a framework of geographic data, metadata, users and tools that are interactively connected in order to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way.
This page was last edited on 31 July 2016, at 02:01 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...
A spatial database is a general-purpose database (usually a relational database) that has been enhanced to include spatial data that represents objects defined in a geometric space, along with tools for querying and analyzing such data. Most spatial databases allow the representation of simple geometric objects such as points, lines and polygons.
The simplest forms of spatial data are gridded data, in which a scalar quantity is measured for each point in a regular grid of points, and point sets, in which a set of coordinates (e.g. of points in the plane) is observed. An example of gridded data would be a satellite image of forest density
The origin of the geodatabase was in the mid-1990s during the emergence of the first spatial databases.One early approach to integrating relational databases and GIS was the use of server middleware, a third-party program that stores the spatial data in database tables in a custom format, and translates it dynamically into a logical model that can be understood by the client software.