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Toddler's diarrhea is characterized by three or more watery stools per day that persist for 2–4 weeks or more. [2] [6] Newborns and infants may normally have soft and frequent stools; however, any noticeable changes in stool frequency or form (i.e. watery) can indicate toddler's diarrhea. [7]
The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to a virus, bacterium, or parasite—a condition also known as gastroenteritis. [2] These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by feces, or directly from another person who is infected. [2] The three types of diarrhea are: short duration watery ...
For children older than 4 years, there must be 2 of these complaints for at least 2 months: 2 or fewer bowel movements per week; Passing large bowel movements; On physical exam, a doctor may find large amounts of feces within the child's rectum. A child who is already toilet trained has at least 1 accident per week involving a bowel movement.
First, the excessive bacterial concentrations can cause direct inflammation of the small bowel cells, leading to an inflammatory diarrhea. The malabsorption of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates may cause poorly digestible products to enter into the colon. This can cause an osmotic diarrhea or stimulate the colonic cells to cause a secretory ...
Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [1] [3] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [1]
If due to a virus, the condition usually resolves within one week. [18] Some viral infections also involve fever, fatigue, headache and muscle pain. [18] If the stool is bloody, the cause is less likely to be viral [18] and more likely to be bacterial. [19] Some bacterial infections cause severe abdominal pain and may persist for several weeks ...
A trichrome stain of preserved stool is another method used to detect Giardia. [35] Microscopic examination of the stool can be performed for diagnosis. [1] This method is not preferred, however, due to inconsistent shedding of trophozoites and cysts in infected hosts. [1] Multiple samples over some time, typically one week, must be examined. [1]
Sapovirus is spread via the fecal–oral route. Infected individuals expel more than particles/gram of feces or vomit. Particles from the infected individual remain viable for years, and an infectious dose can be as few as 10 particles. Contamination of work surfaces, hands, etc. can cause a vast number of new infections.