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Natural patterns form as wind blows sand in the dunes of the Namib Desert. The crescent shaped dunes and the ripples on their surfaces repeat wherever there are suitable conditions. Patterns of the veiled chameleon , Chamaeleo calyptratus , provide camouflage and signal mood as well as breeding condition .
The approach of an insect to a light source. They are used to having the light source at a constant angle to their flight path. Usually the Sun (or Moon for nocturnal species) is the only light source and flying that way will result in a practically straight line. [8] In the same token, a rhumb line approximates a logarithmic spiral close to a ...
The Archimedean spiral (also known as Archimedes' spiral, the arithmetic spiral) is a spiral named after the 3rd-century BC Greek mathematician Archimedes. The term Archimedean spiral is sometimes used to refer to the more general class of spirals of this type (see below), in contrast to Archimedes' spiral (the specific arithmetic spiral of ...
special case of the logarithmic spiral Spiral of Theodorus (also known as Pythagorean spiral) c. 500 BC: contiguous right triangles composed of one leg with unit length and the other leg being the hypotenuse of the prior triangle: approximates the Archimedean spiral involute: 1673
[13] [23] Spiral arms with a small pitch angle are called tightly wound, while those with a larger pitch angle are called open. [24] The shape of spiral arms is often described in a simplified manner as a logarithmic spiral. However, spiral arms may also be described as an Archimedean or hyperbolic spiral. In the case of the logarithmic spiral ...
The Parker spiral shape of the solar wind changes the shape of the Sun's magnetic field in the outer Solar System: beyond about 10–20 astronomical units from the Sun, the magnetic field is nearly toroidal (pointed around the equator of the Sun) rather than poloidal (pointed from the North to the South pole, as in a bar magnet) or radial ...
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Spiral galaxies form a class of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae [1] and, as such, form part of the Hubble sequence. Most spiral galaxies consist of a flat, rotating disk containing stars , gas and dust , and a central concentration of stars known as the bulge .