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In the context of a positive Hoover's sign, functional weakness (or "conversion disorder") is much more likely than malingering or factitious disorder. [3] Strong hip muscles can make the test difficult to interpret. [4] Efforts have been made to use the theory behind the sign to report a quantitative result. [5]
Symptoms of conversion disorder usually occur suddenly. Conversion disorder was typically observed in people ages 10 to 35, [7] affecting between 0.011% and 0.5% of the general population. [8] Conversion disorder presented motor or sensory symptoms including: Motor symptoms or deficits: Impaired coordination or balance
Primary gain can be a component of any disease, but is most typically demonstrated in conversion disorder — a psychiatric disorder in which stressors manifest themselves as physical symptoms without organic causes, such as a person who becomes blind after seeing a murder. The "gain" may not be particularly evident to an outside observer.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illness (DSM-5) lists the following diagnostic criteria for functional neurological symptoms (conversion disorder): One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function. Clinical findings can provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognized neurological or ...
Malingering is the fabrication, feigning, or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms designed to achieve a desired outcome, such as personal gain, relief from duty or work, avoiding arrest, receiving medication, or mitigating prison sentencing. It presents a complex ethical dilemma within domains of society, including healthcare ...
The term medically unexplained symptoms is in some cases treated as synonymous to older terms such as psychosomatic symptoms, conversion disorders, somatic symptoms, somatisations or somatoform disorders; as well as contemporary terms such as functional disorders, bodily distress, and persistent physical symptoms. [6]
Factitious disorder should be distinguished from somatic symptom disorder (formerly called somatization disorder), in which the patient is truly experiencing the symptoms and has no intention to deceive. In conversion disorder (previously called hysteria), a neurological deficit appears with no organic cause. The patient, again, is truly ...
In some cases, individuals may assume a new identity and be unable to recall personal information from before the onset of symptoms. [2] It is classified as a mental and behavioral disorder [ 3 ] and is variously categorized as a dissociative disorder , [ 1 ] a conversion disorder , [ 3 ] or a somatic symptom disorder .