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A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages. [1] In a clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the theme or patient of the main verb – that is, the person or thing that undergoes the action or has its state changed. [2]
The usual passive voice is the se pasiva, in which the verb is conjugated in the active voice, but preceded by the se particle: La puerta se abre. La puerta se cierra. Estar is used to form what might be termed a static passive voice (not regarded as a passive voice in traditional Spanish grammar; it describes a state that is the result of an ...
In passive voice, the agent of causation is demoted from its position as a core argument (the subject), but it can optionally be re-introduced using an adjunct (in English, commonly, a by-phrase). In the examples above, The window was broken , The ship was sunk would clearly indicate causation, though without making it explicit.
The English passive voice typically involves forms of the verbs to be or to get followed by a passive participle as the subject complement—sometimes referred to as a passive verb. [ 1 ] English allows a number of additional passive constructions that are not possible in many other languages with analogous passive formations to the above.
In a passive-type construction after certain verbs, with a gap in object or complement position, understood to be filled by the subject of the main clause (see English passive voice § Additional passive constructions): That floor wants/needs scrubbing. It doesn't bear thinking about. As complement of certain prepositions:
A master's thesis research work of a native speaker of Burushaski on Middle Voice Construction in the Hunza Dialect claims that the [dd-] verbal prefix is an overt morphological middle marker for MV constructions, while the [n-] verbal prefix is a morphological marker for passive voice. [37]
Meaning نا: a negative prefix to nouns or particles having the same meaning as English "un, in, dis, non" etc. بې: this means "without". When prefixed to words it is equivalent to the English "dis, less" etc. Considered a preposition. بيا: this means again. When prefixed to words it is equivalent to English "re" هم: this means same ...
Languages differ in the way they express such meanings; some of them use the copular verb, possibly with an expletive pronoun like the English there, while other languages use different verbs and constructions, like the French il y a (which uses parts of the verb avoir ' to have ', not the copula) or the Swedish finns (the passive voice of the ...