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The absence of condemnation of the massacres by leaders of the Muslim League widened the growing rift between the League and the Sikhs. [70] The riots also lead to the Congress and Sikh leaders of the Punjab demanding its partition. [71] On 8 March, the Congress Working Committee passed a resolution to partition the Punjab. [72] [73]
The Sikh Jathas, which were ruthless, led the attacks for ethnically cleansing the Eastern Punjab of its Muslim population. Earlier in September, they had massacred 1,000 Muslim refugees on a Pakistan-bound train near Khalsa College, Amritsar. [8] The violence was the most pronounced in the Indian East Punjab. [9]
Photograph of a Sikh health worker of the Karachi Plague Committee in Old Town, Karachi, by R. Jalbhoy, 1897 Gurdwara Dera Sahib, Lahore. Prior to independence in 1947, 2 million Sikhs resided in the present day Pakistan and were spread all across Northern Pakistan, specifically the Punjab region and played an important role in its economy as farmers, businessmen, and traders.
The state troops were at this time thinly spread escorting refugees between India and Pakistan. A reserve battalion of Sikh troops was dispatched to Poonch, which cleared the roads and dispersed the militias. It also cut off Poonch from Pakistan by sealing the Jhelum river bridge for fear that the Pakistanis might come to aid the Poonch ...
The Nakai Misl (Punjabi: ਨਕਈ ਮਿਸਲ , نکئی مثل ), founded by Sandhu Jats, [1] was one of the twelve Sikh Misls (groupings with their distinct guerrilla militia) that later became part of the Sikh Empire. It held territory between the Ravi and Sutlej rivers southwest of Lahore in what became Pakistan.
The 1947 Kamoke train massacre was an attack on a refugee train and subsequent massacre of Hindu and Sikh refugees by a Muslim mob at Kamoke, Pakistan on 24 September 1947 following the partition of India. [2] The train was carrying around 3,000-3,500 refugees from West Punjab [3] and was attacked 25 miles from Lahore by a mob of thousands of ...
Both Congress and the Muslim League had offered allurements to woo the Sikhs to their respective nations. On 5 August 1944, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, in an attempt to retain all of Punjab, had assured the Sikhs of full rights and addressal of claims; [8] he and Liaqat Ali Khan had offered a Sikh state within Pakistan with its own military ...
Photograph of Mahant Narayan Das, the last Udasi custodian of Nankana Sahib and accused perpetrator of the Nankana massacre. At the time of the massacre, there was a growing demand in Sikhism that the traditional hereditary custodians hand over their control of the gurdwaras to democratically elected committees.