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A tolerance interval (TI) is a statistical interval within which, with some confidence level, a specified sampled proportion of a population falls. "More specifically, a 100× p %/100×(1−α) tolerance interval provides limits within which at least a certain proportion ( p ) of the population falls with a given level of confidence (1−α)."
The continuous uniform distribution with parameters = and =, i.e. (,), is called the standard uniform distribution. One interesting property of the standard uniform distribution is that if u 1 {\displaystyle u_{1}} has a standard uniform distribution, then so does 1 − u 1 . {\displaystyle 1-u_{1}.}
In statistics, a k-th percentile, also known as percentile score or centile, is a score below which a given percentage k of scores in its frequency distribution falls ("exclusive" definition) or a score at or below which a given percentage falls ("inclusive" definition); i.e. a score in the k-th percentile would be above approximately k% of all scores in its set.
Diagram showing the cumulative distribution function for the normal distribution with mean (μ) 0 and variance (σ 2) 1. These numerical values "68%, 95%, 99.7%" come from the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution.
In some cases the value of a quantile may not be uniquely determined, as can be the case for the median (2-quantile) of a uniform probability distribution on a set of even size. Quantiles can also be applied to continuous distributions, providing a way to generalize rank statistics to continuous variables (see percentile rank).
The figure illustrates the percentile rank computation and shows how the 0.5 × F term in the formula ensures that the percentile rank reflects a percentage of scores less than the specified score. For example, for the 10 scores shown in the figure, 60% of them are below a score of 4 (five less than 4 and half of the two equal to 4) and 95% are ...
We also give a simple method to derive the joint distribution of any number of order statistics, and finally translate these results to arbitrary continuous distributions using the cdf. We assume throughout this section that X 1 , X 2 , … , X n {\displaystyle X_{1},X_{2},\ldots ,X_{n}} is a random sample drawn from a continuous distribution ...
With reference to a continuous and strictly monotonic cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.) : [,] of a random variable X, the quantile function : [,] maps its input p to a threshold value x so that the probability of X being less or equal than x is p.