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The mass increase in the use of computers accelerated with Third Generation computers starting around 1966 in the commercial market. These generally relied on early (sub-1000 transistor) integrated circuit technology. The third generation ends with the microprocessor-based fourth generation.
A fourth-generation programming language (4GL) is a high-level computer programming language that belongs to a class of languages envisioned as an advancement upon third-generation programming languages (3GL).
Computers built after 1972 are often called fourth-generation computers, based on LSI (Large Scale Integration) of circuits (such as microprocessors) – typically 500 or more components on a chip. Later developments include VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) of integrated circuits 5 years later – typically 10,000 components.
Virtual Machine/Basic System Extensions Program Product (BSEPP or VM/SE) Virtual Machine/System Extensions Program Product (SEPP or VM/BSE) Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370), sometimes known as VM/CMS; 1973 Эльбрус-1 – Soviet computer – created using high-level language uЭль-76 (AL-76/ALGOL 68) Alto OS; CP-V (Control Program V)
RAMIS ("Random Access Management Information System") is a fourth-generation programming language (4GL) capable of creating and maintaining databases consisting of named files containing both numeric and alphabetic fields and subsequently producing detailed simple or complex reports using a very simple English like language. As such it is ...
Typically, second-generation computers were composed of large numbers of printed circuit boards such as the IBM Standard Modular System, [144] each carrying one to four logic gates or flip-flops. At the University of Manchester, a team under the leadership of Tom Kilburn designed and built a machine using the newly developed transistors instead ...
The resulting system was known as GIRLS, for Generalized Information Retrieval and Listing System.It was first revealed publicly in December 1962. At the time, it was described as a system that intended to solve the problem of the growing number of programs being run, and especially the number of different files they generated, which could number in the "tens or perhaps hundreds of such files ...
The fourth generation computers began with the shipment of CPS-1, the first commercial microprocessor microcomputer in 1972 and for the purposes of this list marks the end of the "early" third generation computer era. Note that third generation computers were offered well into the 1990s.