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  2. Bioethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioethics

    Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies.

  3. Nature versus nurture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture

    Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure, experience and learning on an individual. The phrase in its modern sense was popularized by the Victorian polymath Francis Galton , the modern founder of eugenics and behavioral genetics when he was discussing the influence of heredity ...

  4. Exposome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposome

    Example representation of the environmental factors characterizing the exposome. The exposome is a concept used to describe environmental exposures that an individual encounters throughout life, and how these exposures impact biology and health. It encompasses both external and internal factors, including chemical, physical, biological, and ...

  5. Exogeny - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exogeny

    An exogenous contrast agent, in medical imaging for example, is a liquid injected into the patient intravenously that enhances visibility of a pathology, such as a tumor.An exogenous factor is any material that is present and active in an individual organism or living cell but that originated outside that organism, as opposed to an endogenous factor.

  6. Ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

    External factors such as climate, parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Internal factors are controlled, for example, by decomposition , root competition, shading, disturbance, succession, and the types of species present.

  7. Evolutionary ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_ethics

    Evolutionary metaethics asks how evolutionary theory bears on theories of ethical discourse, the question of whether objective moral values exist, and the possibility of objective moral knowledge. For example, some evolutionary ethicists have appealed to evolutionary theory to defend various forms of moral anti-realism (the claim, roughly, that ...

  8. Internalism and externalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalism_and_externalism

    There is also a distinction in ethics and action theory, largely made popular by Bernard Williams (1979, reprinted in 1981), [2] concerning internal and external reasons for an action. An internal reason is, roughly, something that one has in light of one's own "subjective motivational set"—one's own commitments, desires (or wants), goals, etc.

  9. Environmental ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_ethics

    Environmental ethics exerts influence on a large range of disciplines including environmental law, environmental sociology, ecotheology, ecological economics, ecology and environmental geography. There are many ethical decisions that human beings make with respect to the environment. These decision raise numerous questions. For example: