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At critical points in American history the public health movement focused on different priorities. When epidemics or pandemics took place the movement focused on minimizing the disaster, as well as sponsoring long-term statistical and scientific research into finding ways to cure or prevent such dangerous diseases as smallpox, malaria, cholera.
Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal infections , an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered ...
2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach; 2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks; 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak; 2009 swine flu pandemic in the United States; 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak; 2012 outbreak of Salmonella; 2012–2013 flu season; 2014 enterovirus D68 outbreak; 2015 Bronx Legionnaires ...
2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks; 2006 North American E. coli outbreak in spinach; 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak; 2009 swine flu pandemic in the United States; 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak; 2012 outbreak of Salmonella; 2012–2013 flu season; 2014 enterovirus D68 outbreak; 2015 United States E. coli outbreak
Rumours of the disease spreading prompted traders to act quickly as a reduction in the indigenous population meant a reduction in profit from the furs they brought in. A good information network, a supply of vaccines at posts, and a willingness among all for vaccination meant their efforts were much more successful than American responses. [7]
In 1999, an estimated 5,000 deaths, 325,000 hospitalizations and 76 million illnesses were caused by foodborne illnesses within the US. [1] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began tracking outbreaks starting in the 1970s. [2] By 2012, the figures were roughly 130,000 hospitalizations and 3,000 deaths. [3]
The American era of limited infectious disease ended with the arrival of Europeans in the Americas and the Columbian exchange of microorganisms, including those that cause human diseases. European infections and epidemics had major effects on Native American life in the colonial period and nineteenth century, especially.
Further epidemics of the disease occurred in North America in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. [75] The first known cases of dengue fever occurred in Indonesia and Egypt in 1779. Trade ships brought the disease to the US, where an epidemic occurred in Philadelphia in 1780. [76]