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In mathematics, some functions or groups of functions are important enough to deserve their own names. This is a listing of articles which explain some of these functions in more detail. There is a large theory of special functions which developed out of statistics and mathematical physics.
Function spaces play a fundamental role in advanced mathematical analysis, by allowing the use of their algebraic and topological properties for studying properties of functions. For example, all theorems of existence and uniqueness of solutions of ordinary or partial differential equations result of the study of function spaces.
Homeomorphism: is a bijective function that is also continuous, and whose inverse is continuous. Open function: maps open sets to open sets. Closed function: maps closed sets to closed sets. Compactly supported function: vanishes outside a compact set. Càdlàg function, called also RCLL function, corlol function, etc.: right-continuous, with ...
In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil(x). [1]
In mathematics, an elementary function is a function of a single variable (typically real or complex) that is defined as taking sums, products, roots and compositions of finitely many polynomial, rational, trigonometric, hyperbolic, and exponential functions, and their inverses (e.g., arcsin, log, or x 1/n).
Special functions are particular mathematical functions that have more or less established names and notations due to their importance in mathematical analysis, functional analysis, geometry, physics, or other applications.
At the same time, the mapping of a function to the value of the function at a point is a functional; here, is a parameter. Provided that f {\displaystyle f} is a linear function from a vector space to the underlying scalar field, the above linear maps are dual to each other, and in functional analysis both are called linear functionals .
In mathematics, the restriction of a function is a new function, denoted | or , obtained by choosing a smaller domain for the original function . The function f {\displaystyle f} is then said to extend f | A . {\displaystyle f\vert _{A}.}
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