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  2. Sodium benzoate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_benzoate

    Sodium benzoate also known as benzoate of soda is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, widely used as a food preservative (with an E number of E211) and a pickling agent. It appears as a white crystalline chemical with the formula C 6 H 5 COONa.

  3. Benzene in soft drinks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene_in_soft_drinks

    As of August 2012, Coca-Cola Zero and Barq's root beer still contained benzoate (added as potassium salt and sodium salt respectively). [ 30 ] A Belgian study found that plastic packaging may play an important role in the formation of benzene in soft drinks.

  4. Electrophilic aromatic directing groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic...

    The EWG removes electron density from a π system, making it less reactive in this type of reaction, [2] [3] and therefore called deactivating groups. EDGs and EWGs also determine the positions (relative to themselves) on the aromatic ring where substitution reactions are most likely to take place.

  5. EWG Releases New "Dirty Dozen" Guide to Food Additives - AOL

    www.aol.com/food/ewg-releases-new-dirty-dozen...

    You may be familiar with the Environmental Working Group (EWG) because they release a list of the most pesticide-filled produce every year called The Dirty Dozen. They also establish the produce ...

  6. Blueberries, strawberries again on the ‘Dirty Dozen’ list

    www.aol.com/news/pesticides-produce-2024-dirty...

    For 2024, EWG researchers examined testing data on 47,510 samples of 46 nonorganic fruits and vegetables, with the majority of testing from the USDA. An analysis of that data found traces of 254 ...

  7. Benzoic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoic_acid

    Benzoic acid (/ b ɛ n ˈ z oʊ. ɪ k /) is a white (or colorless) solid organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 COOH, whose structure consists of a benzene ring (C 6 H 6) with a carboxyl (−C(=O)OH) substituent.

  8. Hammett equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammett_equation

    The EWG withdraws electron density by resonance and effectively stabilizes the negative charge that is generated. The corresponding plot will show a positive rho value. In the case of a nucleophilic acyl substitution the effect of the substituent, X, of the non-leaving group can in fact accelerate the rate of the nucleophilic addition reaction ...

  9. Electron-withdrawing group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-withdrawing_group

    An electron-withdrawing group (EWG) is a group or atom that has the ability to draw electron density toward itself and away from other adjacent atoms. [1] This electron density transfer is often achieved by resonance or inductive effects.