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Intracranial hypertension (IH), also called increased ICP (IICP) or raised intracranial pressure (RICP), refers to elevated pressure in the cranium. 20–25 mmHg is the upper limit of normal at which treatment is necessary, though it is common to use 15 mmHg as the threshold for beginning treatment.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), previously known as pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension, is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause. [2] The main symptoms are headache, vision problems, ringing in the ears, and shoulder pain.
Herniation can be caused by a number of factors that cause a mass effect and increase intracranial pressure (ICP): these include traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, or brain tumor. [1] Herniation can also occur in the absence of high ICP when mass lesions such as hematomas occur at the borders of brain compartments. In such cases ...
Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and bradycardia. [1]
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a life-threatening surgical emergency marked by symptoms of headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased consciousness. [1] Symptoms are frequently accompanied by visual disturbances such as gaze paresis , reduced vision, and dizziness. [ 1 ]
Papilledema or papilloedema is optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure due to any cause. [1] The swelling is usually bilateral and can occur over a period of hours to weeks. [2] Unilateral presentation is extremely rare. In intracranial hypertension, the optic disc swelling most commonly occurs bilaterally.
In adults, acute hydrocephalus can have many of the same signs and symptoms (headaches, vomiting,nausea, papilledema, sleepiness, or coma) of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that are seen in children. [16] Increased volumes of CSF can also result in hearing loss, including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). [17]
The mechanism of development of Cushing ulcers is thought to be due to direct stimulation of vagal nuclei as a result of increased intracranial pressure.Brain tumors, traumatic head injury, and other intracranial processes including infections, can cause increased intracranial pressure and lead to overstimulation of the vagus nerve. [3]