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Kotler suggested that products can be divided into three levels: core product, actual product and augmented product. [3] The core product is defined as the benefit that the product brings to the customer. The actual product refers to the tangible object and relates to the physical quality and the design. [4]
Several concepts are related to the subject of product structure modeling. All these concepts are discussed in this section. These concepts are divided into two main aspects. First the product breakdown is discussed which involves all the physical aspects of a product. Second, different views at the product structure are indicated.
Example from MIL-HDBK-881, which illustrates the first three levels of a typical aircraft system [1] A work-breakdown structure (WBS) [2] in project management and systems engineering is a deliverable-oriented breakdown of a project into smaller components. A work breakdown structure is a key project management element that organizes the team's ...
The total product was Levitt’s vision of how intangible elements could be added to a physical product, transforming it into an offering that was often more valuable than the physical attributes alone. The total product concept was also refined by Tom Peters. In a 1986 publication entitled "The Eye of the Beholder", Peters proposed an ...
Example of a product breakdown structure of a computer. The diagrammatic representation of project outputs shown provides an example of a clear and unambiguous statement of what the project is to deliver. PBS of a computer (see image on right): Main unit Housing; Motherboard CPU; RAM chips... Hard disk drive; Graphics card; Sound card; Network ...
Vertical product differentiation can be measured objectively by a consumer. For example, when comparing two similar products, the quality and price can clearly be identified and ranked by the customer. If both A and B products have the same price to the consumer, then the market share for each one will be positive, according to the Hotelling ...
A company's place on the matrix depends on two dimensions – the process structure/process lifecycle and the product structure/product lifecycles. [1] The process structure/process lifecycle is composed of the process choice (job shop, batch, assembly line, and continuous flow) and the process structure (jumbled flow, disconnected line flow, connected line flow and continuous flow). [1]
The behavioral level considers the function and usability of the product. The reflective level takes into account prestige and value; this is often influenced by the branding of a product. [4] Three levels of emotional design. In the book, Norman shows that design of most objects are perceived on all three levels (dimensions).