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Thus, the existence of duplicates does not affect the value of the extreme order statistics. There are other estimation techniques other than min/max sketches. The first paper on count-distinct estimation [7] describes the Flajolet–Martin algorithm, a bit pattern sketch. In this case, the elements are hashed into a bit vector and the sketch ...
This is a list of commands from the GNU Core Utilities for Unix environments. These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. GNU Core Utilities include basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities. Coreutils includes all of the basic command-line tools that are expected in a POSIX system.
cksum is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or standard input if no arguments are provided, and outputs the file's 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count. [1]
HyperLogLog is an algorithm for the count-distinct problem, approximating the number of distinct elements in a multiset. [1] Calculating the exact cardinality of the distinct elements of a multiset requires an amount of memory proportional to the cardinality, which is impractical for very large data sets. Probabilistic cardinality estimators ...
In order to calculate the average and standard deviation from aggregate data, it is necessary to have available for each group: the total of values (Σx i = SUM(x)), the number of values (N=COUNT(x)) and the total of squares of the values (Σx i 2 =SUM(x 2)) of each groups.
Aggregate operations include COUNT(*), COUNT(expression), AVG(expression), SUM(expression), MAX(expression), MIN(expression), and the non-standard MEDIAN(expression). These may be applied to DISTINCT values (throwing out redundancies, as in COUNT(DISTINCT drinker). if no GROUPing is present the aggregate computations apply to the entire result ...
This is a list of POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2024, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems.
Here input is the input array to be sorted, key returns the numeric key of each item in the input array, count is an auxiliary array used first to store the numbers of items with each key, and then (after the second loop) to store the positions where items with each key should be placed, k is the maximum value of the non-negative key values and ...