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The history of South America is the study of the past, particularly the written record, oral histories, and traditions, passed down from generation to generation on the continent of South America. The continent continues to be home to indigenous peoples, some of whom built high civilizations prior to the arrival of Europeans in the late 1400s ...
South America: Chile: 18.5-14.5: Monte Verde: Carbon dating of remains from this site represent the oldest known settlement in South America. [65] [66] South America: Peru: 14: Pikimachay: Stone and bone artifacts found in a cave of the Ayacucho complex [67] North America: Santa Rosa Island: 13: Arlington Springs site: Arlington Springs Man ...
Throughout millennia, Paleo-Indians spread throughout the rest of North and South America. Exactly when the first people migrated into the Americas is the subject of much debate. [15] One of the earliest identifiable cultures was the Clovis culture, with sites dating from some 13,000 years ago. [20]
The first voyages were made by Vitus Bering and Aleksei Chirikov, with settlement beginning after 1743. By the 1790s the first permanent settlements were established. Explorations continued down the Pacific coast of North America, and Russia established a settlement in the early nineteenth century at what is now called Fort Ross, California.
After the first humans — who were then arranged into hunter-gatherer tribal groups — arrived in South America via the Isthmus of Panama, they spread out across the continent, with the earliest evidence for settlement in the Andean region dating to circa 15,000 BCE, in what archaeologists call the Lithic Period.
The first settlement on the mainland was Santa María la Antigua del Darién in Castilla de Oro (now Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia), settled by Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1510. In 1513, Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama, and led the first European expedition to see the Pacific Ocean from the West coast of the New World. In an ...
The first settlement in the way was the fort of Sancti Spiritu, established in 1527 next to the Paraná River. Buenos Aires was established in 1536, establishing the Governorate of the Río de la Plata. [26] Francisco de Villagra. Africans were also conquistadors in the early conquest campaigns in the Caribbean and Mexico.
These first inhabitants were nomads who slowly migrated south into Central and South America. At the time of Christopher Columbus 's voyages, Guyana's inhabitants were divided into two groups, the Arawak along the coast and the Carib in the interior.