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The Treaty of Nanking was the peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–1842) between Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later termed the "unequal treaties".
The first treaty between the Qing dynasty and the United Kingdom termed "unequal" was the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. [ 5 ] Following Qing China's defeat, treaties with Britain opened up five ports to foreign trade, while also allowing foreign missionaries , at least in theory, to reside within China.
The Treaty of Nanking, the Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue, and two French and American agreements were all "unequal treaties" signed between 1842 and 1844. The terms of these treaties undermined China's traditional mechanisms of foreign relations and methods of controlled trade.
1842: Sep 17: Treaty of Chushul: Leh: 楚舒勒條約: Sikh Empire: Concluded the Dogra–Tibetan war (Sino-Sikh war) 11: 1843: Oct 8: Treaty of the Bogue: Humen: 虎門條約: United Kingdom: Supplemented the Treaty of Nanking 12: 1844: Jul 3: Treaty of Wanghia: Macau: 望廈條約: United States: First treaty between China and the United ...
In the Treaty of Nanking, in 1842, the Qing government agreed to make Hong Kong a Crown colony, ceding it 'in perpetuity', following the British victory in the First Opium War. During the second half of the 19th century, Britain had become concerned over the security of the isolated island, Hong Kong.
The 1842 Treaty of Nanjing between China and Great Britain stated that "British Subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purpose of carrying on their mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint at the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow-fu, Ningpo and Shanghai", [1] but nothing was ...
In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking granted an indemnity and extraterritoriality to Britain, the opening of five treaty ports, and the cession of Hong Kong Island. The failure of the treaty to satisfy British goals of improved trade and diplomatic relations led to the Second Opium War (1856–1860). [ 11 ]
1842 was a common year ... August 29 – The Treaty of Nanking, an unequal treaty between the United Kingdom and Qing dynasty China, ends the First Opium War, ...