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The Treaty of Nanking was the peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–1842) between Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later termed the "unequal treaties".
The first treaty between the Qing dynasty and the United Kingdom termed "unequal" was the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. [ 5 ] Following Qing China's defeat, treaties with Britain opened up five ports to foreign trade, while also allowing foreign missionaries , at least in theory, to reside within China.
The treaty as a legal document in international law can describe either a specific international instrument or a general category of such instruments of agreement. [1] This list includes the most important examples of both formal treaties and other agreements between China and other nations in this period.
The war ended in the signing of China's first unequal treaty, the Treaty of Nanking. [ 196 ] [ page needed ] [ 197 ] In the supplementary Treaty of the Bogue , the Qing empire also recognised Britain as an equal to China and gave British subjects extraterritorial privileges in treaty ports.
The war was concluded by the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) in 1842, the first of the Unequal treaties between China and Western powers. [17] The treaty ceded the Hong Kong Island and surrounding smaller islands to Britain, and established five cities as treaty ports open to Western traders: Shanghai, Canton, Ningbo, Fuzhou, and Xiamen (Amoy). [18]
29 August 1842 – Treaty of Nanking ends the war. It includes the cession of Hong Kong Island to the British, and opening of five treaty ports to international trade [27] October 1843 – Treaty of the Bogue supplements Treaty of Nanking by granting extraterritoriality to British subjects in China and most favoured nation status to Britain
The governments of the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China (PRC) concluded the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong in 1984, under which the sovereignty of the leased territories, together with Hong Kong Island, ceded under the Treaty of Nanking (1842), and Kowloon Peninsula (south of Boundary Street), was ...
The Treaty of Nanking and its supplementary treaty of 1843 – the first of the so-called unequal treaties - provided British merchants with the right to reside with their families and rent grounds and houses in five ports – Guanzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Shanghai and Ningbo – but there was not a word about separate residential areas for ...