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A region where this process occurs is known as a subduction zone, and its surface expression is known as an arc-trench complex. The process of subduction has created most of the Earth's continental crust. [1] Rates of subduction are typically measured in centimeters per year, with rates of convergence as high as 11 cm/year. [2]
The Kermadec–Tonga subduction zone is a convergent plate boundary that stretches from the North Island of New Zealand northward. The formation of the Kermadec and Tonga plates started about 4–5 million years ago. Today, the eastern boundary of the Tonga plate is one of the fastest subduction zones, with a rate up to 24 cm/year (9.4 in/year ...
Subduction zones occur where an oceanic plate meets a continental plate and is pushed underneath it. Subduction zones are marked by oceanic trenches . The descending end of the oceanic plate melts and creates pressure in the mantle , causing volcanoes to form.
It is a result of the most linear, fastest converging, and seismically active subduction boundary on Earth, the Kermadec–Tonga subduction zone, and consequently has the highest density of submarine volcanoes. [1] The Tonga–Kermadec Ridge stretches more than 3,000 km (1,900 mi) north-northeast from New Zealand's North Island.
The arc formed due to subduction along the Cascadia subduction zone. Although taking its name from the Cascade Range , this term is a geologic grouping rather than a geographic one, and the Cascade Volcanoes extend north into the Coast Mountains , past the Fraser River which is the northward limit of the Cascade Range proper.
Pages in category "Subduction volcanoes" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 305 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
The subduction of bathymetric highs such as aseismic ridges, oceanic plateaus, and seamounts has been posited as the primary driver of flat slab subduction. [3] The Andean flat slab subduction zones, the Peruvian slab and the Pampean (Chilean) flat slab, are spatially correlated with the subduction of bathymetric highs, the Nazca Ridge and the Juan Fernandéz Ridge, respectively.
The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Wadati–Benioff zone. [1] These collisions happen on scales of millions to tens of millions of years and can lead to volcanism, earthquakes, orogenesis , destruction of lithosphere , and deformation .