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After the discovery of the double helix model of DNA, Crick's interests quickly turned to the biological implications of the structure. In 1953, Watson and Crick published another article in Nature which stated: "it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of the bases is the code that carries the genetical information". [61]
Watson and Crick used many aluminium templates like this one, which is the single base Adenine (A), to build a physical model of DNA in 1953. When Watson and Crick produced their double helix model of DNA, it was known that most of the specialized features of the many different life forms on Earth are made possible by proteins.
25 April 1953: the DNA double helix is first formally described.. April 25 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson of U.K. Medical Research Council's Unit for Research on the Molecular Structure of Biological Systems at the Cavendish Laboratory in the University of Cambridge publish "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" in the British journal Nature. [1]
The third draft paper was on the B-DNA, dated 17 March 1953, which was discovered years later amongst her papers, by Franklin's Birkbeck colleague, Aaron Klug. [79] He then published in 1974 an evaluation of the draft's close correlation with the third of the original trio of 25 April 1953 Nature DNA articles. [75]
The discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 is regarded as "the greatest and most important scientific discovery of the 20th Century". Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 for the discovery. [5]
1952: an X-ray diffraction image of DNA was taken by Raymond Gosling in May 1952, a student supervised by Rosalind Franklin. [30] 1953: DNA structure is resolved to be a double helix by James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins. [31] 1955: Alexander R. Todd determined the chemical makeup of nitrogenous bases.
DNA model built by Crick and Watson in 1953, in the Science Museum, London. In mid-March 1953, Watson and Crick deduced the double helix structure of DNA. [11] Crucial to their discovery were the experimental data collected at King's College London—mainly by Rosalind Franklin for which they did not provide proper attribution.
The first American newspaper coverage of the discovery of the DNA structure: Saturday, 13 June 1953 The New York Times (PDF) Listen to an oral history interview with Maurice Wilkins Archived 30 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine – a life story interview recorded for National Life Stories at the British Library